Plant cell already has nuclear DNA.
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Tagged with: nuclear dna • plant cell
Filed under: Mitochondrial DNA
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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is DNA that is located in mitochondria. This is in contrast to most DNA of eukaryotic organisms, which is found in the nucleus. Virtually 100% of the mtDNA contribution to a conceptus is inherited from the mother.
Unlike most of the cell, the function of which is defined by nuclear DNA, mitochondria have their own DNA and are assumed to have evolved separately. Human mitochondrial DNA consists of 5-10 rings of DNA and appears to carry 16,568 base pairs with 37 genes (13 proteins, 22 tRNAs and two rRNAs) which are concerned with the production of proteins involved in cellular respiration. However many proteins found in the mitochondria are encoded by nuclear DNA: some, if not most, are thought to have been originally part of the mitochondrial DNA but have since been transferred to the nucleus during evolution.
There is little change in the mtDNA from parent to offspring, unlike nuclear DNA which changes by 50% each generation. Since the mutation rate is easily measured, mtDNA is a powerful tool for tracking matrilineage, and has been used in this role for tracking many species back hundreds of generations.
Both chloroplast and mitochondria need variety of enzymes for different metabolic reactions.So during evolution a separate DNA is needed for it.Chloroplast is so called a cell inside a cell.
1)their DNA carries important genetic information that can not be found in nuclear DNA – especially mit DNA has a different evolutional rate and is inherited by females
2)these plastids have DNA cause they have to be indepedent from the nucleus, as theis role in metabolism is very important
to add to zoe’s good answer … metabolically they are not independent because there is a mutualism between them and the nucleus but mitochondria and chloroplasts DO have to be able to reproduce themselves independently of the nucleus so they need their own DNA.